The Parisian club has now won the prestigious trophy on 14 separate times.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a stoppage-time leveler followed by a successful penalty shootout to get past Marseille in the Gulf and capture a fourth straight French Super Cup title.
The Champions League holders appeared to be coasting towards a straightforward win in the match between the French league champions and the Coupe de France winners after Ousmane Dembele opened the scoring early on.
However, the southern French side struck twice in the closing moments to take a surprise advantage. First, Mason Greenwood converted from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable turn of events, the Portuguese striker grabbed a crucial leveler in the final seconds to send the contest into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then stood as the key figure, saving crucial attempts from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and the young talent all converted successfully for PSG to complete a convincing penalty win.
Now 14-time winners Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now lifted this trophy for the 12th time in the past 13 years.